Monday, 26 February 2018

The Role of Examination Bodies in Prisoners' Reformation in Nigeria




The Nigerian Prisons Service is saddled with the responsibility of keeping custody of the legally interned and reforming them to become better citizens of Nigeria. In this modern era, the philosophy of prison globally has shifted from being punitive to a more humane function of behaviour modification of offenders and equipping them with requisite knowledge and skills that will afford them to adapt effectively in the larger society when they are eventually released. In other words, prisons are now seen as hospitals where those in conflict with the law receive treatment and are turned out as law abiding individuals who still have a lot to contribute to the society, and by extension, to the nation in general.


In line with this globally accepted philosophy of prison, the present leadership of the Nigerian Prisons Service has resolved that every offender in its custody must be trained in a skill, while those who are educable must continue with their academic pursuit while in custody. This has culminated into machineries being put in place to inculcate this modern penal practice in the modus operandi of the Nigerian prisons Service. Hence, since the inception in office by the present Controller General of Prison, Ja’afaru Ahmed, Nigerian prisons have transformed from oubliettes which were taunted for their penchance of hardening offenders the more, to learning centres where prisoners learn skills, trades, and handicrafts to be good cum functional citizens of Nigeria. The prison has gone further to establish adult education centres in prison where prisoners can study and achieve their life potentials and self-actualization. Also, the Nigerian Prisons Service in collaboration with the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) has established special centres in some prisons where inmates can acquire higher education. Recently, the media have been awash with news of prisoners graduating from various educational programmes, while others have even enrolled for the highest educational programme- Doctor of Philosophy! There are more cheering news coming out of our prisons now, unlike in the past when news of jailbreaks and prisoners escapes inundated the airwaves.


The importance of providing education opportunities for prison inmates cannot be over-emphasized. Infact, for Nigeria to achieve a crime-free society with low rate of recidivism, it must put prisoners’ reformation and education on the front burner. Research has shown that crime is a function of poverty; while poverty is a function of dearth of education. It is obvious that any society that treats the education of its citizenry with the seriousness it deserves will turn out successful and advanced; as an educated society is an empowered society, and an empowered society is a crime-free society. A glance at the statistics of our prison population shows that a large chunk of prison inmates are uneducated, and therefore, are not empowered, leading them into criminal lifestyles that land them in prison.  According to the 2017 Prison Survey Report, the educational status of most prison inmates is relatively low with 2 out of 10 inmates who have never received any form of formal education and a large majority who could not complete secondary education. According to the report, the implication is that these prisoners have poor skills level, which transcends to poor income and earning power. The poor income and earning power of these persons led them into unscrupulous means to supplement their take-home.   No doubt that the present security predicaments which Nigeria finds itself arose from poor education which is occasioned by poverty. The prevalence of insurgency in the North East, cultism and kidnapping in the South-South, Armed Robbery in the South East, Ritual killings in the South West and the Farmers/Herdsmen clashes in the North Central are all traced to the prevalence of low educational attainment among Nigerians.


Hence, the Nigerian Prisons Service deserves encomiums and commendation for bringing education to prisoners in prison. They have taken the pains of not only providing security and other humanitarian supports to the prisoners, but gone a step further to improve their intellectual capabilities. The Nigerian Prisons Service should therefore not only be applauded but also supported by well-meaning individuals, non-governmental organizations as well as educational and examination institutions in the achievement of this noble mandate. One of the principal ways by which they can be encouraged in the furtherance of prisoners’ education and reformation is through institutional support from examination bodies like the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB), West African Examination Council (WAEC), National Examination Council (NECO), National Board for Technical Education (NABTEB), Education Resource Centres (ERC) in all states of the federation and so on. Reports show that these examination bodies still charge full registration fees from prisoners when they seek to register for examinations, irrespective of the fact that these prisoners are disadvantaged and have no means of financial independence.  The Guardian and Independent Newspapers of 10th February, 2018 reported that forty (40) inmates of the Borstal Training Institution, Abeokuta, Ogun state were registered for the SSCE and UTME. According to the reports, the principal of the Institution decried the trouble they had to go through to raise funds to register these inmates. She went further to say that even staff of the facility made financial contribution towards registering these lads for the said examinations. This is not encouraging at all as it makes mockery of the sincere efforts of the prison authority who have painstakingly prepared these inmates for the various examinations.


It is expected that being a disadvantaged group, prisoners should be given waivers in the registration for these examinations to serve as a morale booster to them as well as relief to the prison authority who take pains to cater for and prepare these prisoners for the various examinations. Asking them to raise these huge amounts for the registration of these inmates is counterproductive and tends to retard the good work which the prison authority is doing to see that the legally interned turn out into better citizens. At present, the prison authority has a handful by sourcing for educational materials such as books, writing materials, teaching materials and qualified teachers to tutor these inmates. Therefore, over-burdening the service with raising funds to register prison inmates for these examinations is unfair; and we would be pushing our luck too far if we allow such to continue.


The various examination bodies should borrow a leaf from the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) which has waived tuition fee for all prison inmates in Nigeria. Presently, any prison inmate who intends to study for any programme in the NOUN will do so without paying a dime in line with the university’s quest to fulfill its corporate social responsibility and providing accessible and enhanced education anchored by social justice, equity, equality and national cohesion that transcends all barriers. This initiative by the University is the ideal practice taking into cognizance of the shortage of sponsorship offers for prison inmates in Nigeria. Interestingly, this gesture by the University has started to yield results as there are reports of prison inmates graduating with exceptional results and other academic achievements. The partnership of the Nigerian Prisons Service with the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is the best thing that has happened to the prison system in recent times. And it is believed that more positive outcomes are expected from this partnership in the near future. The NOUN which is a foremost university has inscribed its name in the annals of history by this gesture of providing waiver for prison inmates. No wonder the young university is waxing strong and making waves in the academic circle in Nigeria!


This is a clarion call to educational and examination bodies in Nigeria to reconsider their stance on registration of prisoners for their respective examinations. Prisoners are disadvantaged persons in our society who should be supported in their quest for genuine and effective reformation. It is no mean feat to be in prison and at the same time have the sound and focused mind to study. The excruciating environment, the deprivation of liberty and the restrictions on normal everyday activity are strong extraneous factors that can dissuade one from having the psychological balance and focus needed in academics. For these prisoners to rise above these challenges in the quest for knowledge and academic pursuit, it behoves on everybody including all relevant institutions to support and give them all the incentives they require. Therefore, educational and examination bodies such as WAEC, NECO, JAMB, NABTEB, Distance Learning Institutions and so on are enjoined to support the Nigerian Prisons Service in its drive to reform prison inmates, by granting free registration to prison inmates nationwide, just like the NOUN is doing.



Ugwuoke Kelvin Abuchi, a Deputy Superintendent of Prisons, teaches prison inmates and writes from Makurdi, Benue state.




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